• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:SU1816256A3
    申请号:SU904743932
    申请日:1990-05-08
    公开日:1993-05-15
    发明作者:Misen Valter；Fauzer Nikolaus；Khenel Mikhael
    申请人:Alfing Kessler Zondermashinen；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method and apparatus for separating a large head connecting rods made by powder metallurgy.
    The purpose of the invention is to create a completely new method and device for impact separation of connecting rods, which are simpler and give better separation results.
    This goal is achieved in a way that differs in that the cap and / or the rest of the connecting rod is clamped in at least one holder lem * perpendicular to the separation plane and a direct central blow is applied to the holder along the symmetry axis of the connecting rod.
    The invention is based on the idea of. that the optimal conditions for separation are always achieved when the separating force, firstly, has an impact character, and secondly, in this process the connecting rod is rigidly (without loofah) fixed. The shock nature of the gap is not possible according to the above-mentioned methods and devices, since in them a certain time is always required to increase the breaking force.
    Particularly good separation conditions are achieved when the holder or holders in the direction of impact are pre-stressed to a value less than the yield strength of the connecting rod material, and a direct central impact is applied to the 8 stressed state.
    Experiments have shown that especially good results are obtained when the prestressing force is equal to or less than 80% of the tensile strength.
    1816256 AZ
    In principle, the holders can be installed in a variety of ways. Particularly good results are obtained when the holders are mounted with the possibility of rectilinear movement parallel to the axis of symmetry of the connecting rod.
    Experiments have shown that the cap of the large head and the rest of the connecting rod are especially precisely joined in the gap region if, immediately after the shock separation, the separated parts are firmly pressed together with high force. .
    Especially good results are achieved when the clamping force corresponds to the clamping force created during further operation of the head with the rest of the connecting rod using the connecting bolts usually used for this.
    To achieve optimal impact separation, a direct central impact should correspond to the connecting rod material used, the shape and size of the separation plane, as well as measures (such as nicks, etc.). Compliance is ensured through simple experiments by changing the mass and speed of the part of the device that strikes.
    The preferred device for implementing the method comprises: a base, a socket for a fixedly held part of the connecting rod, rigidly fixed to the base, a holder for the rest of the connecting rod (not held motionless), which is mounted in guides fixed to the base perpendicular to the connecting rod plane and parallel to the connecting rod symmetry axis, with the possibility of displacements within certain boundaries, as well as the shock mass of a direct central impact in the direction of separation of the connecting rod along the axis of its symmetry.
    The second option: the device contains a base, a holder for the cover of the main connecting rod head, a holder for the rest of the connecting rod, fixed to the base, guides for each holder along which each holder can move perpendicular to the separation plane and parallel to the symmetry axis of the connecting rod at some boundaries, as well as an impact mass for each holder, and the shock masses simultaneously strike a direct central blow along the axis of symmetry of the connecting rod in the direction of separation.
    A particularly simple implementation of the device for implementing the method is achieved when the base is vertical, and the impact mass is made in the form of a load moving by the action of gravity. It does not require a special drive to disperse the load. It is only necessary to provide a simple lifting device. by which the load rises to its original position after impact.
    The base can be located horizontally. In this case, you need a power drive for the shock mass. A particularly simple design is obtained if the power drive is in the form of a hydraulic or pneumatic accelerating cylinder.
    With a vertical arrangement of the base to accelerate the driven, by the force of gravity of the shock load, if necessary, a hydraulic or pneumatic accelerating cylinder can be additionally provided.
    □ warping can be done in any way. A particularly simple design is obtained if the base is made in the form of a plate. In a vertical arrangement, the base can be made in the form of a rack.
    The shock mass or shock masses can be movably placed in a variety of ways. It is advantageous if the shock mass or masses can move in the guides reciprocatingly.
    For optimal impact separation, the connecting rod is required to be fixed rigidly during the separation process (without play). This can be achieved when each holder and socket have a round pin that fits into the opening of the large head and is closely adjacent to its walls. The dividing line between the two pins is in this case exactly in the dividing plane.
    In this case, it is advantageous if the holder is made in the form of a slider on which the pin is fixed, the fastening is thus made. that the pin cannot bend during separation of the connecting rod. This is achieved when each pin is supported by its free end with a removable bracket on a slider or on a socket in the direction of the load.
    For the most rigid fixing of the connecting rod, it is advisable that the cover of the large head and / or the rest of the connecting rod with its locking elements be clamped in the socket and holder, with fit to the outer surfaces of the pins. The locking elements can be made in the form of ordinary clamping screws, which act on the cover of a large head or on the rest of the connecting rod from three sides. The locking elements may have a mechanical or hydraulic drive. ,
    Shock masses can be performed in any way. Especially advantageous mouth5
    1816256 'Royce. It turns out if the shock masses are made in the form of a bracket with two shock surfaces that interact with the shock surfaces of the slide on both sides of the pin, and therefore on both sides of the connecting rod. The shock force of the mass is transmitted to the slider so that a shock load is obtained precisely directed along the axis of the connecting rod.
    Particularly advantageous conditions for impact separation are obtained when the holder or holders are prestressed in the direction of impact. According to a preferred embodiment of the device, it is equipped with a preload cylinder fixed on the base, which acts on the holder or slider with its rod and piston.
    In order to freeze the mass of the holder or slider after the separation process, one or more damping cylinders can be provided on the path of the holder.
    The force acting on the holder of the direct central impact in size should correspond to the connecting rod material, the shape and surface area of the interface, as well as measures affecting the separation process (for example, nicks, etc.), which is determined by simple experiments when changing the weight of the shock mass ( if necessary, and the weight of the holders), • and also by changing the speed of movement of the shock mass. With a vertical arrangement of a fixed base, the speed of movement of the shock mass can be controlled by changing the height of the fall of the shock mass or by changing the additional acceleration from the accelerating cylinder. With a horizontal arrangement, this adjustment is made by appropriate installation of the accelerating cylinder.
    The invention is illustrated by drawings, where: in FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device: FIG. 2 is a section in the plane AA in FIG. 1: in FIG. 3 is a schematic enlarged view of a detail of FIG. 1; in FIG. 4 is a side view of the part of FIG. 3 in a partially disassembled form; in FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of partially exploded views of portions of the device of FIG. 3 and 4.
    As follows from FIG. 1 and 2, the device consists of a base 1 (in this example, the execution in the form of a main plate). On the basis of 1 installed guides 2, on. by which the staple impact mass 3 1 moves along the axis 4.
    On the base 1. adjacent to the guides 2. the socket 5 corresponding in shape to the shock mass 3 is rigidly fixed. On the opposite side of the socket 5, guides 6 are fixed on the base 1, along which the holder 7 can move along axis 4.
    Two damping cylinders 8. are mounted on the travel path of the holder 7 from the opposite side socket 5; they are mounted on a plate 9, which is connected to the base 1. On the other side of the plate 9, a pre-tension cylinder 10 is installed, the piston 11 of which 15 passes through the plate 9 and through the lock J 2 connected to the holder 7.
    On the opposite side of the socket 5, the impact mass 3 is provided with an element 13. This element 13, when the base 1 is horizontally positioned, is made in the form of an accelerating cylinder 14. by which the impact mass 3 is accelerated in the direction of the holder 7. '
    In the vertical arrangement of the base 1 (when the shock mass 3 is made in the form of an accelerated by the force of gravity of the shock load) element 13 is made in the form of a lifting cylinder, with the help of which the shock mass 3 after the shock 30 of the separation process again rises to its original position and is held there, In this version, the lifting cylinder is equipped with a trip device (not shown), with which the impact 35 mass 3 can be released to carry out the shock separation from the raised position.
    In this case, the impact mass 3 is stapled and has a side 15 located on both sides of the socket 5 of the holder 15, the impact surfaces 16 of which interact with the surfaces 17 located on the upper side of the holder 7, as shown 45 in FIG. 7 dash-dotted lines.
    The design of the socket 5 and the holder 7 is shown schematically in FIG. 3-5. Socket 5 consists of a rigid shaped part 18, which is rigidly connected to the base 1 made in the form of a plate 50 and has recesses 19 and 20 corresponding in shape to the connecting rod. A pin 21 of the socket is also rigidly fixed in the shaped part 18, the pin 22 of which has a diameter equal to the diameter of the hole 55 23 of the large head of the connecting rod 20. As follows from FIG. 3 and 5, the pin 21 and the pin 22 have a semicircular section.
    .Shaped part 18 also has four threaded. Holes in which the screws are installed. These screws are O ζ fixing
    with connecting elements 24 for the connecting rod 19 - 20 and, on the one hand, the main part of the connecting rod is rigidly fixed in the shaped part of the part 18 of the socket 5, a. on the other hand, press it to the axle 22.
    The holder 7 (Fig. 1) is made in the form of a slider, which along the guides 6 can make a reciprocating movement along axis 4 (see, Fig. 2). The slider is also provided with a pin 25 with a pin 26. The pin 25 and pin 26 have a semicircular section and together with the pin 21 or pin 22 fill the hole 23 of the large connecting rod head almost completely. The separation plane between the pins 21 and 25 is exactly in the plane of the impact separation of the device.
    On both sides of the pin 25, the holder 7 is made in the form of a slider with shock surfaces 17 for the shock surfaces 16 of the strikers 15 of the shock mass 3.
    The holder 7 (slider) is made with four threaded holes in which four tightening screws are installed, serving as the fixing elements 27 for the cover 28 of the connecting rod 20. With their help, the cover 28 is firmly clamped in the holder Ί (slider) and pressed against the pin 25 of the pin 25.
    To prevent bending of pins 21 and 25 during impact separation, grooves 29 and 30 are made at the ends of trunnion 22 and trunnion 26. The ends 31 or brackets 33 or 34, each of which, with its other ends 35 or 36, enters groove 37 or hooks on the protrusions 38 (see Fig. 4 and 5).
    As follows from FIG. 5, the groove 37 and the protrusions 38 are made inclined relative to the separation plane, due to which the brackets 33 and 34, by means of a shift in the transverse direction, are rigidly installed and stretched. and then can be screwed onto the fittings of socket 5 or
    7. This prevents bending of the pins 22 (26) during impact separation, since the free ends of the pins 22 (26) are fastened with brackets 33 (34) to the shaped part of the socket or holder 7.
    The process of shock separation proceeds as follows.
    First, the shock mass 3 with elements 13 is brought to its original position (Fig. 1). Then, the holder 7 is shifted towards the socket 5, and the connecting rod 20 is pushed onto the pins 22 (26). Then the brackets 34 are applied, shifted laterally, clamped and then screwed onto the fittings (18) of the socket 5 or holder 7. Then, the fixing elements 24 (27) are tightened so that the connecting rod 20 is firmly clamped in the socket and in the holder 7, Then, in the vertical execution of the base, the lock described above is released so that the impact mass 3 falls down under the influence of gravity and the impact surfaces 16 of the strikers 15 act on the surface 17 of the holder 7. Thus, a central impact is applied along axis 4, coinciding with the longitudinal axis connecting rod, and the process of shock separation. In this phase, the holder 7 is accelerated and its movement is stopped by the damping cylinders 8.
    If the holder 7 is subjected to pre-tensioning, then the pre-tensioning pressure 10 is applied and, through the piston rod 11 and the lock 12, the holder 7 is pulled away from the socket 5.
    With the horizontal position of the base, the impact mass 3 is accelerated by the accelerating cylinder 14. The rest of the process occurs as described above.
    After the separation process, the shock mass 3 returns to its original position, the preload cylinder 10 is unloaded. After that, the brackets 33 (34) are unscrewed and the bottom cover 28 and the rest of the connecting rod 19 are removed from the device. The device is ready for subsequent operation.
    To improve the alignment of the shape of the divided parts, the cover and the rest of the connecting rod are compressed with high force together in the next operation. &
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1]
    Claims f
    1. The method of separating the cap and / or rod of the connecting rod made by powder metallurgy methods, which consists in applying a destructive force to one of the parts of the connecting rod, distinguished by the fact that, in order to reduce the complexity of the process and reduce the cost of the separation process, the cap and / or rod is clamped in the holder, and a force is applied by delivering a direct central blow to the holder along the axis of symmetry of the connecting rod in the direction of destructive separation.
    [2]
    2. A device for separating the cap and / or rod of the connecting rod, characterized in that it comprises a base with guides rigidly fixed to the base, a socket. a holder mounted on rails with the ability to move perpendicular to the plane of separation and parallel to the axis of symmetry of the connecting rod, and an impact mass for striking the holder in the direction of separation.
    [3]
    3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional holder mounted on the rails with the ability to move perpendicular to the separation plane and parallel to the axis of symmetry of the connecting rod, and an additional shock mass for this holder.
    [4]
    4. The device according to. p. 2 and 3, characterized in that the holders are made before striking in the direction of impact to a value less than the yield stress of the connecting rod material.
    [5]
    5. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the pre-tension force is less than or equal to 80% of the tensile strength.
    [6]
    6. The device according to paragraphs. 2 and 3, it is more important that the shock masses are made with the possibility of controlling their weight and speed of movement.
    [7]
    7. The device popp, 2 IZ, characterized in that the base is vertical, and the shock mass is made with the possibility of movement under the action of gravity.
    [8]
    8. The device according to paragraphs. 2 & 3. characterized in that the base is horizontal and equipped with an impact mass drive.
    A. The device according to paragraphs. 8 and
    [9]
    9, that is. that the base is made in the form of a plate.
    [10]
    10. The device according to paragraphs. 8 and 9, due to the fact that the base is made in the form of a plate with a stand.
    1. The device according to p. 9, from the point of view of the fact that the drive of the shock mass is made in the form of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder.
    [11]
    12. The device according to claim 8, with the proviso that the shock mass is additionally equipped with a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder.
    [12]
    13. The device according to paragraphs. 2iZ, characterized in that the holder and the socket are equipped with a mandrel of a semicircular cross-section for basing fixed parts.
    [13]
    14. The device 2, 3 and 14, which is characterized in that the holder is made in the form of a slider with a mandrel fixed to it. 7
    [14]
    15. The device according to claim 14, with the exception that one end of the mandrel is connected to a socket or holder, and a removable bracket is fixed to the other end.
    [15]
    16. The device according to paragraphs. 14-16, from the l-and r with the fact that it is equipped with fixing parts of the connecting rod elements.
    [16]
    17. The device according to paragraphs. 9, 1O. Or 12, characterized in that. that the shock mass is made in the form of a bracket with two strikers for interaction with the working surfaces of the slider.
    [17]
    18. The device according to paragraphs. 2 and 3, which requires that, but on the bases, a preload cylinder is installed, the rod of which is connected to the slider.
    [18]
    19. The device according to paragraphs. 2iZ, characterized in that it is equipped with a damping cylinder mounted on the path of the slide.
    ABOUT
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP89108419A|EP0396797B1|1989-05-10|1989-05-10|Method and device for fracture-separation of connecting rods|
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